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Tuesday, March 31, 2015

Cooking With Olive Oil May Cause Cancer

blisstree.com
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It started in the 1990s: Someone told me about all the health benefits of olive oil, and I was hooked. Favorite easy dinner? Something green sauteed in olive oil. Guilt-free way to make chips? Toss thinly sliced vegetable with olive oil, and roast. My formative cooking years were marked by non-stick pans and tablespoon-portions of olive oil, and if the recipe called for butter, I nixed it in favor of the healthy fats. Extra virgin olive oil (or EVOO, thanks to Rachael Ray) has always been my religion in the kitchen.

That’s why at an event last month hosted by Organic Avenue, I was shocked, skeptical, and potentially devastated when the panel of expert speakers on “inner beauty” all agreed that cooking with olive oil is bad for you. The first to slander EVOO was New York-based nutritionist Christian Henderson. “Never cook with olive oil,” she said. “There’s a reason why oils are cold-pressed; they break down at higher temperatures, and they’re not good for you.” Boom.

All I could think was: WTF? Was this lady off her rocker, or had I been given bad health advice by magazines, chefs, and family members for the past two decades? When someone asked Henderson for suggestions about what to use instead of EVOO, her answer confused me even more: “Cook with vegetable broth and then finish with olive oil at the end,” she said. “Or, I like to use butter, because it can handle higher heats.” BUTTER? Had this woman ever read butter’s nutrition information? Doesn’t she know how bad all that saturated fat is for your health?

To find out if cooking with EVOO would really wreak havoc on my health, I got in touch with Henderson. Why is she challenging the conventional wisdom that olive oil is beneficial for you, I asked? And could cooking with butter really be healthier than olive oil? Henderson, a registered dietitian and certified dietitian nutritionist who runs Pure Nutrition in New York City, was more than happy to explain her side of the story:

It’s a confusing topic, definitely. You watch The Food Network and they’re cooking with oil, and even this morning I saw Joy Bauer on The Today Show cooking with olive oil. I cook; I’m not a raw foodist. I’m actually a very conventional eater. But I first found out about this when I was working at NYU Medical Center and went to an anti-cancer talk. They were listing the top things you can do to avoid getting cancer, and a huge one was not cooking at high temperatures. I was really surprised.

She then explained that there’s some real science behind the idea that cooking with oil is bad:

It’s all about the smoke point. Smoke points vary for different oils, but it’s the temperature at which the oil structure changes and begins to decompose and lose flavor. It’s also going to go from something healthy to something unhealthy. Cooking at high temperatures decreases flavor and nutritional value, and can cause the development of carcinogens (at high enough temperatures).

What Henderson said didn’t seem so off-base. In fact, a recent New York Times article touched on the same science, but from the perspective of taste, not health. “Is It Time for an Oil Change In the Kitchen,” by the Curious Cook, Harold McGee, explained that, once cooked, many oils taste the same. (And some of them taste terrible.) “Partisans of the olive maintain that a high-quality extra virgin oil brings its special flavor and health benefits to foods cooked in it. But does it make enough difference that it’s worth a tenfold premium in price?” McGee’s article asked. To find out, he heated 15 different kinds of oil, including four types of olive oil, and served them to trained olive oil judges to find out what effects heat had on their taste. The result? “We were surprised at how thoroughly heat obliterated the flavors in cooking oil until they all tasted more or less the same. Even prize-winning (and costly) extra virgin olive oils lost much of what makes them special.”

While taste is a major factor in what I eat, I’m more concerned about my $30 bottle of organic olive oil possibly giving me cancer than about the degradation of flavor. But McGee’s article just supports the idea that at high temperatures, our heart-healthy, gourmet oils start losing their price-worthy benefits.

In fact, several studies have explored the impact of heat on oil and food. Two of the most dangerous carcinogens created by cooking at high temperatures are aldehydes and acrylamides. Aldehydes are a toxic chemical released into the air during high-temperature cooking, like flash-frying, and can be absorbed into the airway while cooking. Acrylamides are another carcinogen found in foods cooked at high temperatures, but they’re typically associated with high-carbohydrate foods that have been fried or broiled. (Think crispy, blackened hash browns.) Both types have been associated with higher

cancer rates, and according to the FDA, at every high exposure, aldehydes have even been linked to nerve damage.

So are we supposed to forever eat lukewarm soup and steam our vegetables, instead of fry them? A world without pan-frying my kale in olive oil sounds pretty bleak to me, so I turned to Blisstree contributor, nutritionist, and Foodtrainers founder Lauren Slayton for a second opinion. She had a slightly more moderate point of view: 
I don’t think the message should be “Do not cook with oils.” There are a lot of different oils that have different smoke points, and olive oil is used in countries where they’ve been cooking with it for centuries, and they have lower risks of certain cancers than Americans. There’s a kernel of truth there that people should listen to, but it’s one of those things like microwaving, using plastic, and the level of pesticides in produce that people need to have a baseline knowledge about, and think about how it makes sense for them.
Slayton also pointed out that most of us know if we’ve heated an oil past its smoke point, and it’s intuitive that something that smells and tastes bad is probably not good for you, either. (Tell me that when I’m downing my morning tablespoon of fish oil.)

But if you’d rather stick to Christian Henderson’s advice and avoid putting your olive oil over the burner, she has some suggestions to make cooking without it a little more exciting: “If you’re sautéeing vegetables, sautée them in a vegetable broth and keep the temperature low. Then just add a little oil at the end so that you’re not heating it too much.” And yes, she likes cooking with butter, thanks to its higher smoke point: “Saturated fats like the ones found in butter are more resistant to damage and have higher smoke points, while the health monounsaturated fats in olive oil are less heat-resistant, and polyunsaturated fats like those found in flax seed oil are even less so (you shouldn’t ever cook with flax seed oil).” She also recommends trying coconut oil, but in moderation: “Coconut oil is controversial; it’s full of saturated fat, which is normally considered bad for you, coconut oil’s saturated fats are medium-chain fatty acids, which are supposedly better for you because they’re used more readily for energy instead of being stored as fat and causing high cholesterol.”

“At the end of the day,” Henderson says, “your best bet is not to cook with oil. Because if you’re going to cook with an oil or fat that has a high smoke point, you’re going to have to use an oil that’s not as healthy, so why not just cook with a broth and finish with oil?”

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